Jill Williamson is a chocolate loving, daydreaming, creator of kingdoms. She writes weird books in lots of weird genres like fantasy (Blood of Kings and Kinsman Chronicles), science fiction (Replication), and dystopian (The Safe Lands trilogy). She’s currently writing a post-apocalyptic book with all of you called THIRST in conjunction with the #WeWriteBooks series. Find Jill on Facebook, Twitter, Pinterest, or on her author website, where you can read THIRST.
Update
For a complete list of links to the posts in this series, click here.
Also, Jill has now published the Thirst Duology. To learn more about the books, click here.
Recap
Today’s Topic: Point of View
People tell stories every day, but talking is a lot easier than writing. It takes lots of practice. When you write a story, there are several elements you must choose that will make up the narrative structure of your story. The goal is to choose the best way to present your characters and draw your reader into the adventure. Today I’m going to talk about the biggies, the foundational choices that will make up your story. Perspective, tense, and distance. All in all, I’m talking about the point of view(s) in your story and the way you go about writing them. First, here are some archived posts on the subject:
Posts to help with point of view:
Why Choose Only One Point of View?
How Many Points of View Should My Novel Have?
Are Multiple Points of View Right For You?
How to Switch Points of View
How to Write the Opposite Gender
Going Deep
Point of View Trouble: Head Hopping
Narrative Perspective
How will your narrator communicate with the reader? This is the narrative perspective of the story. There are three major types of narrative perspective in fiction writing: First person, second person, and third person. (Of course, you can always get creative and mix and match in the same book. A common combo these days is to have books with one POV in first person and all the others in third person.)
Narrative perspective is also called point of view or voice–not to be confused with distinct character voices or the author’s unique “voice” in how he or she puts words together.
1. First person: In this perspective, the narrator refers to him or herself as “I.” The narrator is often the protagonist, but not always. Most first person stories have only one point of view character, though some have multiple points of view all told in first person.
2. Second person:In second person perspective, “you” are the narrator of the story. Second person stories are best known for those popular Choose-You-Own-Adventure books.
3. Third person:This is when the narrator refers to the characters as “he” and “she.” The story may follow only one character or several.
Narrative Tense
When did the story happen? In the past? The present? Or the future? That is narrative tense. Stories are typically told in past or present tense. But if you wanted a challenge, you could certainly try telling a story in future tense. 😉
Distance
Narrative distance is referring to how far the narrator is from the reader. In omniscient point of view, an all-seeing, all-knowing narrator tells the story form a third person perspective, and can communicate to the reader the thoughts of different characters in the book.
The degree of knowledge that the narrator has determines his level of omniscience. If he knows what every character is thinking, then he’s fully omniscient. If the narrator only reveals what certain characters are thinking, he has limited omniscience.
Omniscient point of view stretches the narrative distance between the reader and the characters by bouncing from head to head. Writing a strong omniscient viewpoint can be difficult to master. When poorly executed, it can be difficult for the reader to connect emotionally to the story. This type of narration often tends to be more impersonal to the reader.
Limited perspectives are limited to the reader looking out through one character’s eyes at a time. This is currently the most popular type of storytelling. The reader experiences all or part of the story by the narration of one character at a time. And if the story moves into another character’s head, it remains limited to that character until a new character takes over. Switching from one character’s limited point of view to another is best done at chapter or scene breaks.
Deep or Close perspective is similar to limited perspective, but you write the story as if the reader is not merely looking out through the narrating character’s eyes, the reader IS that character. The reader gets into the head of the narrator, sees, feels, and experiences the story as that character would. Deep perspective seeks to eliminate every shred of the generic narrator. There is no need to justify the point of view character’s thoughts or actions. They just come as they are. The author cuts out all those common writing phrases like “he thought” or “he reminded himself” and instead writes the actual thought or reminder. (Ex: Oh, man! He needed to feed the dog when he got home. The poor thing was going to starve if he didn’t get his act together.) The author also tends to use short sentences and sentence fragments, because in deep perspective, the prose is written the way each point of view character would think. And if there is more than one point of view, they should feel like different people to the reader.
Point of View Examples
1. Omniscient Point of View
Here’s an example of omniscient third person from the novel Magyk by Angie Sage. Notice how we start in Marcia’s head, then move to Sarah’s head, back to Marcia’s, and end up in Silas’s head.
More examples of popular books done in omniscient POV: the Gossip Girl series, the Septimus Heap books, the Luxe series, the Redwall series.
2. First person Point of View
Here’s an example of first person past tense from Out with the In Crowd by Stephanie Morrill:
More examples of books written in first person: All Sarah Dessen novels, the Twilight saga by Stephenie Meyer, Divergent by Veronica Roth, the Matched Series by Ally Condie, the Delirium series by Lauren Oliver, the Percy Jackson novels by Rick Riordan.
Here’s an example of second person past tense from the choose-your-own-adventure book The Abominable Snowman by R. A. Montgomery.
More examples: The Girls’ Guide to Hunting and Fishing by Melissa Bank has a chapter in second person, Cherry by Mary Karr is a memoir partially written in second, and Hart’s Hope by Orson Scott Card has sections written in second as well.
Here’s an example of third person past tense from The Maze Runner by James Dashner:
More examples: Uglies by Scott Westerfield, The Sisterhood of the Travelling Pants by Ann Brashares, Edge of Recall by Kristen Heitzmann, Incarceron by Catherine Fisher, and The Time Traveler’s Wife by Audrey Niffenegger.
In my third person novels, I tend to fluctuate between limited third person and deep third person. Here’s an example of deep third person from my book King’s Folly:
Assignment Time
My first book was The New Recruit. I wrote it in third person from Spencer’s point of view only. Then I rewrote it with multiple points of view. But it wasn’t until I tried first person that I found Spencer’s voice and what had been missing in that book. I ended up adding in one minor third person point of view in each story to give a glimpse of the mystery Spencer would eventually help to solve. And whenever Spencer has a prophecy, I wrote this in present tense, so that they would jar the reader.
So, do what you want! Maybe you want to mix first and third points of view. Maybe you want to try omniscient future tense. It’s your story. Have fun. But if you later discover that the point of view you’ve chosen is hindering your story, be flexible and willing to try another one.
Share in the comments the following three things:
1. The point of view you’re writing in (first person, second person, third person, or a combination).
2. The tense you’ve chosen (past, present, or–if you’re up for a challenge–future).
3. The distance you’re using (omniscient, limited, or deep).
Write on, everyone!